What term is used by Epston and White to describe viewing problems as external influences on individuals?

The term used by Epston and White to describe the concept of viewing problems as external influences on individuals is "externalizing." This approach focuses on separating the person from their problems, allowing individuals to see issues as external forces rather than intrinsic traits or issues within themselves. By conceptualizing problems as external, clients can more easily engage in discussions about their experiences and behaviors without feeling defined or limited by the problems they face.

Externalizing techniques can empower clients, as they begin to understand that they are not the problem; rather, the problems exist outside of them, subject to their influence and negotiation. This perspective fosters a sense of agency and clarity that can be particularly useful in therapy, leading to constructive ways of addressing challenges and promoting change.

The other terms, while relevant in various psychoanalytic contexts, do not capture the specific external focus that Epston and White advocate. For instance, internalizing often refers to how individuals internalize problems or feelings, which contradicts the externalizing approach. Sourcing could imply examining the origins of issues but doesn’t specifically describe the act of framing problems as external influences. Emotionally distancing might relate to managing emotional responses but does not directly emphasize viewing problems as external.